Vol. 337 No. 9 (2026)
DOI https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2026/9/5679
Experimental verification of the algorithm of a virtual synchronous machine for controlling an inverter of an autonomous power supply source in a gas compressor shop
Relevance. The need to ensure the functionality of the energy systems of gas transport facilities (energy independence, reliability) at a high rate of development of energy-saving technologies using distributed generation sources equipped with grid-tied inverters. Aim. To evaluate the possibility of creating a Russian-made distributed generation source by experimentally verifying an algorithm for controlling the grid-tied inverter based on a virtual synchronous current-controlled machine. Object. Grid-tied inverter as part of a back-to-back frequency converter of the autonomous power source in the gas compressor shop, which provides power transmission to the grid from a DC link. Methods. Computer simulation, experimental research, simulation of external influences. Results. The authors have carried out the experimental verification using a test bench of the grid-tied inverter control system based on the virtual synchronous machine current-controlled under possible operating modes of the inverter as part of the frequency converter of the autonomous power supply source of the gas compressor shop. The paper demonstrates the advantages of the developed system in comparison with low-inertia, grid-driven, classical inverters currently in operation. They include contributing to the maintenance of the frequency and amplitude of the mains voltage, the ability to operate in the island mode and a smooth shock-free transition to such a mode. Conclusions. The developed algorithm for controlling the grid-tied inverter based on the virtual synchronous machine will ensure the operation of the frequency converter in the compressor shop power supply system in the presence of external mains voltage with given power generation and active contribution to the formation of mains voltage. Furthermore, the inverter with the proposed control algorithm will make it possible to segment the compressor shop power supply grid when the external voltage drops and the compressor shop switches from an autonomous power supply grid to an autonomous power supply grid as one of several sources of generation or as the only source of generation for powering electric receivers for its own needs of the gas pumping unit.
For citation: Pustokhin P.Yu., Mudrov M.V., Zyuzev A.M., Philipp V.B. Experimental verification of the algorithm of a virtual synchronous machine for controlling an inverter of an autonomous power supply source in a gas compressor shop. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering, 2026, vol. 337, no. 9, pp. 252–261. http://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2026/9/5679
Keywords:
Grid-tied inverter, virtual synchronous machine, distributed generation, back-to-back frequency converter, microgrids
References:
1. Markova V.M., Churashev V.N. Decentralization of energy: integration and innovation. ECO, 2019, no. 4 (550), pp. 8–27. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.30680/ECO0131-7652-2020-4-8-27.
2. Voropay N.I., Podkovalnikov S.V. Science and technology in electric power systems of the XXI century: trends and prospects. Science and Technology of the XXI Century: Trends and Prospects. Proceedings of the IV Professorial Forum. Vol. 2. Moscow, 27–30 September 2021. Moscow, Russian Professorial Assembly Publ., 2021. pp. 95–100. (In Russ.)
3. Glazyrin A.S., Bolovin E.V., Arkhipova O.V., Kovalev V.Z., Khamitov R.N., Kladiev S.N., Filipas A.A., Timoshkin V.V., Kopyrin V.A., Beliauskene E.A. Rational dimension of a basis of a regression model for adaptive short-term forecasting the state of a discrete nonstationary dynamic system. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 11, pp. 257–272. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2023/11/4482.
4. Glazyrin A.S., Bolovin E.V., Arkhipova O.V., Kovalev V.Z., Khamitov R.N., Kladiev S.N., Filipas A.A., Timoshkin V.V., Kopyrin V.A. Adaptive short-term forecasting of electricity consumption by autonomous power systems of small northern settlements based on retrospective regression analysis methods. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 4, pp. 231–248. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2023/4/4213.
5. Zhitomirsky B.L., Lyapichev D.M., Zhukova E.A. Improving the energy efficiency of natural gas transportation under modern conditions. Proceedings of Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, 2023, no. 3 (312), pp. 98–108. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.33285/2073-9028-2023-3(312)-98-108.
6. Mikhailov V.E., Vertkin M.A., Esin S.B., Kruglikov P.A., Sobolev D.A., Sukhorukov Yu.G., Khomenok L.A. Selection of a waste-heat turbine unit for autonomous power supply to compressor stations of trunk gas pipelines. Thermal Engineering, 2024, no. 3, pp. 40–53. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.56304/S0040363624030044.
7. Klimenko A.V., Agababov V.S., Petin S.N. On the question of determining the efficiency of expander-generator units. Izvestiya RAN. Energetika, 2023, no. 1, pp. 3–17. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31857/S0002331023010053.
8. Shapovalo A.A., Zibert V.I., Kiyashko M.A., Perevozchikov A.Yu., Filipp V.B. Development of an autonomous power supply system for a compressor shop equipped with distributed generation sources with multi-agent control. Gas Industry, 2023, no. S3 (853), pp. 58–74. (In Russ.)
9. Teodorescu R., Liserre M., Rodríguez P. Grid converters for photovoltaic and wind power systems. Chichester, John Wiley & Sons, 2011. 398 p.
10. Elaev M.V., Khalyasmaa A.I., Samoylenko V.O. The problem of subsynchronous resonance in wind turbines and systems. Bulletin of Kazan State Power Engineering University, 2020, vol. 12, no. 3 (47), pp. 57–71. (In Russ.)
11. Ruban N.Yu., Askarov A.B., Andreev M.V., Kievets A.V., Rudnik V.E. Analysis of the influence of renewable energy sources with power converters on processes in modern power systems. Bulletin of Perm National Research Polytechnic University. Electrotechnics, Information Technologies, Control Systems, 2020, no. 36, pp. 7–30. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.15593/2224-9397/2020.4.01.
12. Black system South Australia 28 September 2016: Final report. Australian Energy Market Operator. Melbourne, AEMO Publ., 2017. 106 p. Available at: https://www.aemo.com.au/media/files/electricity/nem/market_notices_and_events/power_system_ incident_reports/2017/integrated-final-report-sa-black-system-28-september-2016.pdf (accessed 2 April 2026).
13. August 2019 power outage report. Office of Gas and Electricity Markets (Ofgem). London, Ofgem Publ., 2020. 67 p. Available at: https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/sites/default/files/docs/9_august_2019_power_outage_report.pdf (accessed 2 April 2026).
14. Final report on the grid incident in Spain and Portugal on 28 April 2025. ENTSO-E Expert Panel. Brussels, ENTSO-E Publ., 2026. 440 p. Available at: https://www.entsoe.eu/publications/blackout/28-april-2025-iberian-blackout/ (accessed 2 April 2026).
15. Juncker J.-C. Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/631 of 14 April 2016 establishing a network code on requirements for grid connection of generators. Official Journal of the European Union, 2016, L 112, pp. 1–68.
16. IEEE Std 1547-2018. IEEE Standard for interconnection and interoperability of distributed energy resources with associated electric power systems interfaces. New York, IEEE, 2018. 138 p. DOI: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2018.8332112.
17. SS R 58491-2019. Electric power industry. Distributed generation. Technical requirements for generation facilities based on wind turbines. Moscow, Standartinform Publ., 2019. 28 p. (In Russ.)
18. Barać B., Krpan M., Capuder T., Kuzle I. Modeling and initialization of a virtual synchronous machine for power system fundamental frequency simulations. IEEE Access, 2021, vol. 9, pp. 160116–160134. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3130375.
19. Anttila S., Döhler J.S., Oliveira J.G., Boström C. Grid forming inverters: a review of the state of the art of key elements for microgrid operation. Energies, 2022, vol. 15, no. 15, 5517. DOI: 10.3390/en15155517.
20. Unamuno E., Suul J.A., Molinas M., Barrena J.A. Comparative eigenvalue analysis of synchronous machine emulations and synchronous machines. 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. Lisbon, Portugal, 2019. pp. 3863–3870. DOI: 10.1109/IECON.2019.8927826.
21. Pustokhin P.Yu., Ziuzev A.M., Kryukov O.V. Improvement of the control system of network inverters in distributed power supply networks of gas compressor stations. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering, 2025, vol. 336, no. 6, pp. 46–58. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2025/6/4779.
22. D'Arco S., Suul J.A., Fosso O.B. A virtual synchronous machine implementation for distributed control of power converters in SmartGrids. Electric Power Systems Research, 2015, vol. 122, pp. 180–197. DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2015.01.001.
23. Bignucolo F., Stecca R., Coppo M. Advantages of the virtual synchronous machine regulation for integrating low-inertia variable renewable generation in transmission systems. 53rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference. Glasgow, UK, 2018. pp. 1–6. DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2018.8542034.
24. Askarov A.B., Suvorov A.A., Andreev M.V., Gusev A.S. On modern principles of renewable energy source control based on a virtual synchronous generator. Vestnik Permskogo natsionalnogo issledovatelskogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta. Elektrotekhnika, informatsionnye tekhnologii, sistemy upravleniya, 2022, no. 41, pp. 5–30. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.15593/2224-9397/2022.1.01.
25. D'Arco S., Suul J.A. Phase angle feed-forward control for improving the power reference tracking of virtual synchronous machines. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2024, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 851–864. DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2023.3324629.
26. Li C., Cvetkovic I., Burgos R., Boroyevich D. Assessment of virtual synchronous machine based control in grid-tied power converters. International Power Electronics Conference. Niigata, Japan, 2018. pp. 790–794. DOI: 10.23919/IPEC.2018.8507914.
27. Fang J., Li H., Tang Y., Blaabjerg F. On the inertia of future more-electronics power systems. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2019, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 2130–2146. DOI: 10.1109/JESTPE.2018.2877766.
28. Glazyrin A.S., Popov E.I., Kopyrin V.A. Khamitov R.N., Kovalev V.Z., Filipas A.A., Shchipkov A.A., Kulesh Yu.O., Popov S.S., Bolovin E.V., Beliauskene E.A., Arkhipova O.V., Khusainov E.I. Development and research of a full-order observer for the dynamic system "cable line – permanent magnet synchronous motor" in discrete time. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering, 2025, vol. 336, no. 11, pp. 226–241. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2025/11/5396.
29. Efimov A.A., Schreiner R.T. Active converters in regulated AC drives. Novouralsk, NSTU Publ. house, 2001. 250 p.
30. Pustokhin P.Yu., Zyuzev A.M., Kostylev A.V. Ensuring electromagnetic compatibility in power supply networks equipped with distributed generation sources with grid-tied inverters. Elektrotekhnicheskie sistemy i kompleksy, 2025, no. 3 (68), pp. 42–48. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.18503/2311-8318-2025-3(68)-42-48.
