Том 337 № 6 (2026)
DOI https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2026/6/5192
Экологическая оценка влияния частиц износа шин и дорог на акваторию морей Северного Ледовитого океана
Актуальность. В процессе эксплуатации шин образуются частицы износа шин и дорог, экологическая оценка влияния которых на акваторию морей Северного Ледовитого океана изучена недостаточно. Цель. Оценка экологического влияния частиц износа шин и дорог на акваторию окраинных морей Северного Ледовитого океана. Методы. Для идентификации частиц износа шин и дорог был использован ИК-Фурье спектрометр IRTracer-100 (Shimadzu, Япония) с приставкой нарушенного полного внутреннего отражения (Specac Ltd, Орпингтон, Великобритания) и микроскоп Imager.Z1 с системой освещения HBO-100 (Carl Zeiss, Германия). Статистические методы. Результаты и выводы. Результаты показали, что частицы износа шин и дорог присутствуют в водах Северного Ледовитого океана. Более того, частицы износа шин и дорог – это отходы, физические характеристики которых несколько схожи с характеристиками микропластика: масса частиц износа шин и дорог составляет 0,55 мг [0,10; 1,40], размер – 1,20×1,10 мм [0,90×0,70; 2,10×2,10], площадь – 1,43 мм2 [0,63; 4,37], что характеризует частицы износа шин и дорог как крупный микропластик, включающий размер частиц от 1 до 5мм. Однако химические характеристики частиц износа шин и дорог отличны от характеристик микропластика за счет синтетической природы происхождения (79,6 %), неволокнистой структуры (95,9 %), серого (30 %) или черного (30 %) цвета, доминирования в химическом составе неблагоприятных с точки зрения экологического риска стеарата кальция и полиуретанового лака на водной основе. Таким образом, частицы износа шин и дорог являются самостоятельным видом отходов, оказывающим пагубное влияние на окружающую среду. Полученные результаты диктуют необходимость дальнейшего более детального изучения природы частиц износа шин и дорог и оценки эффекта их воздействия на экологию гидросферы.
Для цитирования: Мазлова Е.А., Лобанов А.В., Блиновская Я.Ю. Экологическая оценка влияния частиц износа шин и дорог на акваторию морей Северного Ледовитого океана. Известия Томского политехнического университета. Инжиниринг георесурсов, 2026, Т. 337, № 6, С. 74-86. https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2026/6/5192
Ключевые слова:
микропластик, частицы износа шин и дорог, экология, антропогенное загрязнение, Северный Ледовитый океан
Библиографические ссылки:
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20. Hua J., Lundqvist M., Naidu S. Environmental risks of breakdown nanoplastics from synthetic football fields. Environ Pollut, 2024, vol. 347, pp. 123652. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.
21. EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS); Scientific opinion on the re-evaluation of microcrystalline wax (E 905) as a food additive. EFSA Journal, 2013, vol. 11, pp. 3146. DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3146.
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