Том 337 № 5 (2026)
DOI https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2026/5/4954
Геохимические аномалии подвижных форм элементов в поровом пространстве техногенных тел
Актуальность определяется необходимостью понимания особенностей процессов химического выветривания техногенных тел, напрямую поставляющих большое количество токсичных элементов в окружающую среду и влияющих на качество воды, воздуха, почв в городах и поселках, где расположены складированные отходы. Цель. Определение состава межпорового флюида с расчетом химических форм нахождения элементов с помощью физико-химического моделирования. Методы. РФА, РФА-СИ, ИСП-МС, капиллярный электрофорез, ступенчатое выщелачивание, термодинамическое моделирование. Для геохимического моделирования форм нахождения элементов в растворах использовалась программа Visual Minteq 3.0. Результаты и выводы. Проведены исследования на примере участка старого сульфид-содержащего хвостохранилища Талмовские Пески (г. Салаир, Кемеровская область), на котором происходит смыв легкорастворимых солей сезонными потоками, поступление растворов выщелачивания в пониженные участки рельефа с формированием временных водоёмов и луж, их застой, трансформация физико-химических условий, осаждение промежуточных соединений и затем миграция дренажа уже измененного состава в речную сеть. Состав водных вытяжек из разных горизонтов хвостохранилища показал, что при контакте с сезонными потоками металлы переходят в раствор в виде аква-ионов и сульфатных комплексов. Это сразу позволяет разделить их на несколько групп по миграции. Главный элемент, диктующий условия, железо, формирует гидроксидные комплексы, что приводит к осаждению аморфных соединений Fe(OH)3 уже при рН>3,5, отложению обильных охр, повышению кислотности вод, резкому увеличению растворенных форм элементов, что в конечном итоге служит источником появления гидрохимических аномалий в реке Малой Талмовой, куда попадает сток с хвостохранилища.
Для цитирования: Корнеева Т.В., Саева О.П., Бортникова С.Б., Гаськова О.Л., Волынкин С.С. Геохимические аномалии подвижных форм элементов в поровом пространстве техногенных тел. Известия Томского политехнического университета. Инжиниринг георесурсов, 2026, Т. 337, № 5, С. 187-202. https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2026/5/4954
Ключевые слова:
сульфидные отвалы, формы миграции химических элементов, водные вытяжки, поровые растворы, железо, цинк, таллий, бериллий
Библиографические ссылки:
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
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38. СанПиН 1.2.3685-21 «Гигиенические нормативы и требования к обеспечению безопасности и (или) безвредности для человека факторов среды обитания». Зарегистрировано Минюстом России 29 января 2021 г. № 62296. URL: http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&prevDoc=603138049&backlink=1&&nd=602092088 (дата обращения 25.12.2024).
REFERENCES
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2. Blowes D., Ptacek C., Jambor J., Weisener C. The geochemistry of acid mine. Environmental Geochemistry, 2005, vol. 9, pp. 149.
3. Langman J.B., Blowes D.W., Veeramani H., Wilson D., Smith L., Sego D.C., Paktunc D. The mineral and aqueous phase eVution of sulfur and nickel with weathering of pyrrhotite in a low sulfide, granitic waste rock. Chemical Geology, 2015, vol. 401, pp. 169–179.
4. Nordstrom D.K., Blowes D.W., Ptacek C.J. Hydrogeochemistry and microbiology of mine drainage: an update. Applied Geochemistry, 2015, vol. 57, pp. 3–16.
5. McGregor R., Blowes D., Jambor J., Robertson W. The solid-phase controls on the mobility of heavy metals at the Copper Cliff tailings area, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 1998, vol. 33, no. 3–4, pp. 247–271.
6. Bao Z., Al T., Bain J., Shrimpton H., Zou Finfrock Y., Ptacek C., Blowes D. Sphalerite weathering and controls on Zn and Cd migration in mine waste rock: an integrated study from the molecular scale to the field scale. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2022, vol. 318, pp. 1–18.
7. Lindsay M., Moncur M., Bain J., Jambor J., Ptacek C., Blowes D. Geochemical and mineralogical aspects of sulfide mine tailings. Applied Geochemistry, 2015, vol. 57, pp. 157–177.
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9. Dold B., Fontbote L. Element cycling and secondary mineralogy in porphyry copper tailings as a function of climate, primary mineralogy, and mineral processing. Journal of geochemical exploration, 2001, vol. 74, no. 1–3, pp. 3–55.
10. Jamieson H.E., Robinson C., Alpers C.N., Nordstrom D.K., Poustovetov A., Lowers H.A. The composition of coexisting jarosite-group minerals and water from the Richmond mine, Iron Mountain, California. The Canadian Mineralogist, 2005, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 1225–1242.
11. Petrunic B.M., Al T.A., Weaver L., Hall D. Identification and characterization of secondary minerals formed in tungsten mine tailings using transmission electron microscopy. Applied Geochemistry, 2009, vol. 24, no. 12, pp. 2222–2233.
12. Kazamel B.G., Jamieson H.E., Leybourne M.I., Falck H. Factors controlling tungsten mobility in WCu skarn tailings. Chemical Geology, 2023, vol. 630, pp. 121487.
13. Mayer K.U., Frind E.O., Blowes D.W. Multicomponent reactive transport modeling in variably saturated porous media using a generalized formulation for kinetically controlled reactions. Water Resources Research, 2002, vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 13–21.
14. Brookfield A., Blowes D., Mayer K.U. Integration of field measurements and reactive transport modelling to evaluate contaminant transport at a sulfide mine tailings impoundment. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 2006, vol. 88, no. 1–2, pp. 1–22.
15. Demers I., Molson J., Bussi`ere B., Laflamme D. Numerical modeling of contaminated neutral drainage from a waste-rock field test cell. Applied Geochemistry, 2013, vol. 33, pp. 346–356.
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20. Neculita C.M., Zagury G.J., Bussière B. Passive treatment of acid mine drainage in bioreactors using sulfate‐reducing bacteria: critical review and research needs. Journal of environmental quality, 2007, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 1–16.
21. Bao Z., Al T., Bain J., Holland S., Wilson D., MacKenzie P., Ptacek C., Blowes D. Faro waste rock project: characterizing geochemical heterogeneity in sulfide-and carbonate-rich waste rock. Applied Geochemistry, 2020, vol. 121, pp. 104691.
22. Moncur M.C., Blowes D.W., Ptacek C.J. Pore-water extraction from the unsaturated and saturated zones. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2013, vol. 50, no. 10, pp. 1051–1058.
23. Sarkota B., Verbuyst B., Bain J., Ptacek C., Blowes D., Al T. Geochemical and mineralogical investigation of cemented crusts in the tailings cover at Long Lake Gold Mine, Sudbury, Canada. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2023, vol. 451, pp. 131192.
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32. Pawlas N., Pałczyński C.M. Beryllium. Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals. Amsterdam, Academic Press, 2022. pp. 101–119.
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