Link for citation: Khabibullin M.Ya. Increasing the efficiency of the mechanism for gas cleaning from oil aerosols by filters from metalloceramic materials. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2022, vol. 333, no. 5, рр.168-174. In Rus.

The relevance of the research is caused by the need to increase in volumes the implementation of various technological processes associated with the effective purification of gases in ceramic filters. The most promising alternative to bag filters for removing dust from high-temperature gases are filters with elements made of porous permeable ceramic materials. Purpose: to develop and propose a scheme of a laboratory setup for studying this process by using filters with large pores in the range of parameters under study by obtaining the effect of generating «secondary» aerosols and observing the breakthrough coefficient at the boundary with an increase in the filtration rate and particle size. Objects. Single-layer filter elements were subjected to research – porous cylinders, two-layer filter elements, combined filter element. The latter was made by applying a layer of powder with larger particles (180 µm) to a single-layer element from a powder with particles of 45 μm in size. The combined filter element consisted of two elements: an outer single-layer element (particle size 180 μm, inner diameter 0,052 m, wall thickness 0,004 m) and a coaxial two-layer one inserted into it. The deposition of transformer oil aerosols obtained by spraying in a special fog generator was studied. The dispersed composition and concentration of aerosols before and after the filter were determined using a five-stage cascade impactor. Methods. Laboratory studies were carried out according to the proposed methods for the effective purification of gases in ceramic filters at a temperature of 600 °C and more. However, the further development of these studies was hampered by the lack of sufficiently economical domestic ceramic porous filter elements. The most promising alternative to bag filters for dust removal of high-temperature gases are filters, the filter element of which is made of porous permeable ceramic materials – special type of ceramics made by special technological methods with increased porosity and with appropriate sizes and shapes of pores. While testing, the following characteristics were recorded: the hydraulic resistance of the sample, the temperature and air flow, the concentration and size of the droplets before and after the filter. The technology for creating porous permeable ceramic materials from powders  is as follows: obtaining a narrowly fractionated filler powder (electrocorundum, disthene-sillimanite), selecting a technological binder (clay) and a temporary binder (polyvinyl alcohol), mixing the components in a certain ratio, pressing (specific pressure 30 MPa), drying (at 150–150 °C) and firing (at 1200–1300 °C) samples. The technology for creating porous permeable ceramic materials from fibers is as follows: obtaining an aqueous suspension of silicate fibers of a certain length (1–5 mm), molding samples by slip casting, drying and firing. A membrane was applied to a number of porous powder samples in order to create samples with a small pore size and evaluate their properties. The results of the study of the relationship between the hydraulic resistance Δр of the filter elements and the flow rate of the droplet gas mixture were analyzed in the criterion form in order to exclude the influence of the individual characteristics of the samples and test conditions. The effect of generating «secondary» aerosols was established and confirmed by processing the results. The efficiency of filtration with two-layer and combined filters reaches 99,96 %. The obtained research results indicate the expediency of using ceramic filter elements in industrial devices.