The relevance of this work is caused by the need to obtain information on chemical nature of organic matter of oil shale from the Dmitrievskoye deposit of Kuzbass for determining its energy and chemical potential. The aim of the work is to characterize the composition of hydrocarbon and heteroorganic compounds of soluble organic matter in oil shale from the Dmitrievskoye deposit of Kuzbass. Methods of investigation: extraction, liquid-adsorption chromatography, IR spectroscopy, chromatography-mass spectrometry, two-dimensional gas chromatography with a time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection. Results. Using the complex of modern physicochemical methods of analysis, the authors have studied the chemical nature of soluble organic matter of oil shale from the Dmitrievskoye deposit of Kuzbass. It was found out that the bitumoid under study is a complex mixture of hydrocarbon and heteroorganic compounds containing normal and isoprenoid alkanes, monocycloalkanes, steranes, gopans, triaromatic steroids, mono-, bi-, tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexacyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including phenyl- and naphthene-substituted, and heteroaromatic components having nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen atoms in their structures. The structures with the increased degree of aromaticity prevail. Benzo-derivatives of thiophene were identified among the sulfur compounds, while carbazoles, phenylquinolines and acridinones were found out among the nitrogenous ones. Organic oxygen compounds were represented by a broader set of structures. They contain aliphatic acids, aromatic ketones, benzo-derivatives of furan, hydroxyl-derivatives of phenanthrene, phenanthridine and fluorenone, which formation may be caused by the combined effect of microbiological and chemical processes. The results obtained allow considering the investigated oil shale as a raw material for production of valuable chemical products, in particular concentrates of aliphatic acids, which could be alternatives to expensive individual analogs.