The relevance of the discussed issue is caused by the need to achieve the strategic state and society goal to increase the gross domestic product (GDP) in a few times and reduce its power consumption. It will allow Russia to join the ranks of developed countries, and not to be their raw materials appendage. This problem can only be solved by converting the Russian economy on energy saving technologies and improving the energy efficiency of fuel and energy resources, since the economic development by increasing oil and gas production has exhausted itself, and makes no significant GDP growth. The main aim of the study is to show the importance of an energy audit for effective management of energy saving at all stages of energy production, transmission, transformation, distribution and consumption. The methods used in the study: analysis of fulfillment of energy saving laws and regulations and problems preventing one of the wealthiest countries in the world in reserves and production of fuel and energy resources to join the ranks of highly developed countries. The results. The authors examined the contents of the main functions of energy management: planning, organization, motivation and control, as well as the types and content of an energy audit. It is shown that only with the help of in-depth energy audit, forming a bank of objective data about the energy flows, it is possible to realize the functions of energy management; calculate fuel and energy balances of equipment, company, region, country, allowing reliable and continuous supply of fuel and energy resources of the enterprise and regions. Critical analysis of the energy balance allows setting the objective rates of fuel and energy resources consumption, extraction and production, assessing possible energy saving potential in the implementation of various energy saving activities, and making a real energy saving program. Thus, the study concluded that it is impossible to manage effectively the energy efficiency in the country and to reduce the energy intensity of GDP without a comprehensive reliable energy audit in the production and consumption of energy resources, as well as without using all levers of power management.