The urgency of the discussed issue is conditioned by the insufficient knowledge of the research object and the possibility of its application in environmental and geochemical investigations. The main aim of the study is to estimate the content of 27 chemical elements including rare, rare-earth and radioactive elements and to identify their indicative significance in drinking water salt deposits (limescale), formed at multiple boiling and cooling in heat exchanging equipment, on the territory of Baikal region. The methods used in the study: method of instrumental neutron activation analysis (element composition analysis): X-ray diffractometry (DRON 3M, D8 Advance Bruker), electron microscopy (substantial analysis). The results: Based on large bulk of data it was shown that element composition of salt deposits reflects the features of influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on formation of chemical composition of water used in drinking water supply system. The authors have determined the specific nature of chemical elements accumulation in limescale in investigated areas conditioned by the features of geologic structure and the rate of anthropogenic pressure. The possible indicative associations of elements of rifting on the territory of Ust-Barguzin and Tunka depressions are detached. The authors determined the potential uranium-bearing areas in terms of the uranium accumulation levels in salt deposits and singled out the geochemical types of limescale in terms of accumulation levels of elements and their associations.